Na 2019, ọrịa novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) tiwapụrụ wee gbasaa ngwa ngwa gburugburu ụwa. Dayameta nke nje COVID-19 achọpụtara ugbu a bụ 60-140 nm, ụzọ mbufe isi bụ nnyefe ozugbo, nnyefe ikuku na nnyefe kọntaktị. N'ihi ya, ọchịchọ maka ihe mkpuchi klaasị N95 (N95 FFR) abawanyela nke ukwuu. Ihe mkpuchi klaasị N95 bụ nke polypropylene (PP) anaghị agbaze agbaze. Iji kwalite arụmọrụ nzacha ma jikwaa nkwụsi ike dịtụ ala, a na-edobe eriri PP na ụzọ mwepu corona iji nye nchikota urughuru na N95 FFR site na ụgwọ kwụ ọtọ. Agbanyeghị, enwere ike ịtufu ụgwọ mgbe ejiri ya, na-ebute mbelata nzacha arụmọrụ. Na mgbakwunye, amachibidoro iji N95 FFR eme ihe n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka ịdị ọcha, mmebi, mmụba ume iku ume na mbelata arụmọrụ nzacha. N'ihi nke a, otu ndị Yu Jihong nke Mahadum Jilin duziri rụpụtara ihe na-eku ume N97 nanofiber kwụsiri ike dabere n'elu kemịkalụ gbanwetụrụ iji nweta njirimara nzacha dị ịrịba ama site na mmekọrịta polar na-ebute. A na-enweta ya site na mkpuchi polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane (TFPNM) na 0.42 PA-1 (nrụpụta nzacha: n'elu 97%; Mbelata nrụgide: ihe dị ka 10 Pa) na-enye arụmọrụ nzacha na-adịgide adịgide. Nnwale nzacha nje Coxsackie B4 gosiri na TFPNM nwekwara ikike ijide nje siri ike. E jiri ya tụnyere N95 FFR, TFPNM na-eguzogide ọgwụ n'ọtụtụ ụdị ọgwụgwọ disinfection (ụdị nje: nje Coxsackie B4 (CV-B4) na nje micro RNA), na njirimara nzacha n'ozuzu ka bụ ọkọlọtọ N97. Akpọrọ ọrụ metụtara ya "Polarity- Dominated Stable N97 respirators for Airborne virus Capture based on nanonanoous Membranes" ka ebipụtara na Angewandte Chemie, akwụkwọ akụkọ mba ụwa kacha elu.

Ogo elu na nkwụsi ike nke TFPNM

Ihe nkiri dị mkpa (TF) mkpuchi electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membranes (TFPNMs) na-arụpụta site na teknụzụ electrospinning ma rụọ ọrụ site na usoro polymerization interfacial iji mepụta akwa na-acha odo odo na-agbanwe agbanwe. Tụnyere PP, TFPNM nwere polarity elu siri ike, nke nwere ike ịgbanwe site na mkpuchi dị iche iche. Iji nyochaa nkwụsi ike nke TFPNM, ndị otu ahụ nwalere eriri eriri site na ikpughe ha na okpomọkụ dị elu (> 80 Celsius C), ikuku ikuku (oke iru mmiri> 100 Celsius C), mmanya 75%, mmiri na-ekpochapụ chlorinated, na ultraviolet. (UV) ọkụ. Achọpụtara na TFNM enweghị nnukwu mmebi na mbelata ibu, na-egosi enweghị mgbanwe na geometry fiber. Tụnyere TFPNM nke mbụ, elu polarity nke TFPNM emechara ọgwụgwọ agaghị agbanwe agbanwe. Polarity elu kwụsiri ike na-enyere aka mmekọrịta pola kwụsiri ike n'etiti akpụkpọ ahụ na PMs/aerosols, na-enye ndị TFPNM ikike dị ukwuu maka ijikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ siri ike.

Ọgụgụ 1 Mofoloji na nkwụsi ike nke TFPNM

TFPNM nrụpụta ikuku ikuku

Ndị nyocha ahụ buru ụzọ nyochaa ikike TFPNM nwere ijide akụkụ nke nha dị iche iche (PMs) iji mee ka arụmọrụ nzacha ikuku ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ikuku dị ize ndụ (Nyocha 2). A na-eji ihe nsure ọkụ na-esi ísì ụtọ (nwere ihe ndị dị iche iche dị ka PM, CO, CO2, NO2, wdg) na ụlọ nyocha iji gosipụta ọkwa nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ. Ihe njikwa ịdị arọ kacha mma maka TFPNM niile bụ 10 g/m2. TFPNM ise nwere oke elu dị iche iche na-egosi nnukwu ọdịiche dị na nzacha arụmọrụ. Nsonaazụ nke arụmọrụ filtration maka PM0.3 site na polarity elu kachasị ala ruo na akpụkpọ anụ fiber kachasị elu sitere na 50.00% ruo 97.45%. N'ime ha, TFPNM nwere otu cyanide na carboxyl gosipụtara arụmọrụ nzacha dị elu karịa 97%. Iji nyochaa arụmọrụ ogologo oge nke TFPNM, a nwalere oke ọkwa nke TFPNM na otu njedebe dị ka molekul PAN mgbe etinyere ya na ikuku dị ize ndụ maka 10h. Nsonaazụ gosiri na arụmọrụ filtration nke PAN nanofiber membrane (PNM) belatara site na 97.10% ruo 94.57% maka PM0.3 yana site na 99.67% ruo 99.42% maka PM2.5 mgbe awa 10 gachara. Agbanyeghị, njirimara nzacha nke CTFPNM ka kwụsiri ike, gafere 97.00% na 99.90% maka PM0.3 na PM2.5 n'ime awa 10, n'otu n'otu.

FIG. 2 PM weghara arụmọrụ nke TFNM nwere oke elu dị iche iche

Ntụle arụmọrụ nzacha ikuku n'etiti TFPNM na N95 FFR

Ewebata TFPNM abụọ nwere oke elu elu (CTFPNM na CTFPNM) iji tụnyere ihe nzacha ha na NaCl aerosols na N95 FFR (Nyocha 3). Nrụpụta nzacha nke CTFPNM na CTFPNM ruru ọkwa N97 wee kwụsie ike n'ime awa 24 na-aga n'ihu. N'ụzọ dị iche, N95 FFR, bụ nke ihe mejupụtara ya bụ PP gbazere agbaze na-abụghị nke a na-agbaze, na-egosi enweghị ntụkwasị obi doro anya n'oge nzacha. Achọpụtara arụmọrụ nzacha nke TFPNM site na mmetụta electrostatic. Maka cTFPNM na cTFPNM ebubo, arụ ọrụ nzacha ha na-akawanye mma ruo N98. Agbanyeghị, arụmọrụ filtration nke membranes respirator ndị a na-eku ume mechara belata ruo klas N97 ka awa iri abụọ na anọ gachara n'ihi mbelata ụgwọ elu elu (site na 24 kV ruo 0.15± 0.02 kV). Onye ode akwụkwọ nyochakwara ihe dị iche na njirimara nzacha ikuku n'etiti TFPNM na N0.03 FFRS sitere na mba dị iche iche. Achọpụtara na arụmọrụ nzacha nke ihe nlele niile gbadara ruo ihe na-erughị 95% mgbe awa 95 gachara nzacha. N'okpuru otu ọnọdụ nnwale ahụ, arụmọrụ nzacha nke N24 FFR dị ala karịa nke cTFPNM mgbe awa 95 gachara.

Ọgụgụ 3 Njirimara nzacha nke TFPNM na nzacha ọkwa nke ọtụtụ ụdị N95 FFR

TFNM na-enyocha arụmọrụ maka nje na ọgwụgwọ nje dị iche iche

Edebere CTFPNM na nje coxsackie B4 (CV-B4) yana nje micro RNA aerosol (27-30 nm) iji nyochaa arụmọrụ nzacha ya. Na nnwale nzacha nje N95 FFR (MEO brand). Nsonaazụ gosiri na cTFPNM nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ nzacha N97 mgbe awa 24 gachara, ebe MEO N95 FFR arụmọrụ filtration gbadara n'okpuru 95% mgbe awa 24 gachara. Iji mụọ banyere reusability nke TFPNM, a na-eme usoro ọgwụgwọ ise maka cTFNM: ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na 80 ℃; Steam (okpomọkụ protein denaturation na 100 ℃); 75% mmanya (protein denatured); Ihe ngwọta nke chlorine nke ezinụlọ (mmebi cell, mmebi kemịkalụ); Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (DNA/RNA mbibi, UVC 254 nm). Mgbe usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ gasịrị, ihe niile na-arụ ọrụ nzacha nke cTFPNM na-agbanwe agbanwe na LEVEL nke N97 na nrụgide nrụgide na-anọgide n'etiti 9 na 10 Pa. N'ụzọ dị iche, N95 FFR gosipụtara arụmọrụ nzacha dị iche iche mgbe ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche gasịrị mgbe usoro nke mbụ gasịrị. Igwe ọkụ na ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) na-ejigide njirimara nzacha nke ọtụtụ N95 FFRS. Agbanyeghị, arụmọrụ filtration nke ihe nlele dabere na ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na-agbada nke ọma ruo 50% ~ 80%.

FIG. 4 arụmọrụ nzacha nje na cTFNM

Mara: (a) (b) bụ cTFNM, (c) (d) arụmọrụ na mbelata nrụgide nke meo brand N95 FFR

FIG. 5 Evolushọn nke FFR yana arụ ọrụ nzacha n'ozuzu ya ka emechara ọgwụgwọ disinfection ise dị iche iche

Njikọ ederede zuru ezu: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202108951